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Paper reading 1 - Human coronaviruses:Origin, host and receptor

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One sentence summary

The author systematizes the origin, host and receptor through the study of six human coronaviruses and try to figure out three important questions.

Q1 – Are there any similarities and differences between the currently prevalent human coronavirus and the identified human coronaviruses?

Q2 – What role do human coronavirus receptors play in transmissibility and prevalence?

Q3 – Will studying the novel human coronaviruses pandemic help end the pandemic or point the way to the future?

Introduction

In the past sixty years, the coronavirus has caused two large-scale public health incidents and several regional influenza incidents. The current epidemic of the new coronavirus has also posed an unprecedented challenge to global health. This review summarizes the current understanding of coronaviruses such as 229E, OC43, SARS, NL63, HKU1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and covers the basic research of the origin, host, isolation, and identification of the coronavirus infected human being, including the intermediate host, the epidemiology, and receptor binding. Furthermore, this article also discusses clinical manifestation and other features.

classification of coronaviruses

Timeline of coronavirus in human history

Origins of human coronavirus

Summary of discussed coronaviruses

Discussion

This article have four important finding.
• The SARS-CoV-2 could be more infectious than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
• Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV can activate the body’s antiviral immune response and cause damage to the organism.
• For the pathological manifestations in the respiratory tract, there seems to be a specific correlation with the utilization rate of ACE2 receptors.
• Neutralizing antibody responses exhibit their protection during the infection of coronavirus. It could be considered as a critical point for vaccine strategies.

Reading summary

What is the motivation?

  1. To elucidate and compare the differences between SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) and SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  2. To understand how these coronaviruses trigger immune and inflammatory responses in the human body.
  3. To outline future perspectives and challenges in controlling pandemics, with a focus on the importance of early virus identification and intervention.

What is the novelty & contribution?

  1. Offers a unique focus on the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS and MERS, investigating how they activate antiviral immune response and cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses.
  2. Proposes the induction of humoral responses and cellular adaptive immune responses as a key aspect of vaccine strategies against coronaviruses.
  3. Advocates for future virus screening, identification, and isolation, as well as further detection of coronaviruses in wild animals, especially bats, considering the high mutability of coronaviruses.